System, apparatus and method for dispensed adhesive material inspection

ABSTRACT

Apparatus, system and method for detecting defects in an adhesion area that includes an adhesive mixed with a fluorescent material. One or more illumination devices may illuminate the fluorescent material in the adhesion area with a light of a predetermined wavelength. A camera may be configured to capture an image of the illuminated adhesion area. A processing device, communicatively coupled to the camera, may be configured to process the captured image by applying one or more boundary areas to the captured image and determining an image characteristic within each of the boundary areas, wherein the image characteristic is used by the processing device to determine the presence of a defect in the adhesive, such as an excess of adhesive or an insufficient application of adhesive.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to material additives and inspection.More specifically, the present disclosure relates to adhesive processingand automated optical inspection (AOI) for manufacturedproducts/devices.

BACKGROUND

In manufacturing apparatuses and systems, the ability to inspectdispensed adhesives, especially during a final assembly of a product,becomes important as the product yield loss at this stage may beexceedingly costly. In addition to ensuring that proper adhesion hasbeen applied, adhesively bonded interfaces for materials on a productvisibly impact the cosmetics and perceived quality of a product. Ifexcessive adhesive compounds are visible around edges or periphery of adevice (e.g., integrated circuit, mechanical device, display, etc.)affixed to a product, this may not only affect the integrity of theadhesion, but further provide the impression to a user that the productis of inferior quality.

Of course, manual visual inspections have long been utilized to inspectquality of products. However, such inspections are often slow to conductand are prone to human error. Furthermore, in certain cases, adhesivesmay be transparent or colored to match the bonding surface, which makeshuman optical inspection more difficult. Accordingly, an effectivequality control and inspection technology is needed to provide improvedinspection of devices that have been affixed to a surface using anadhesive.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, under some exemplary embodiments, a system is disclosed fordetecting defects in an adhesion area comprising an adhesive mixed witha fluorescent material, comprising one or more illumination devices forilluminating the fluorescent material in the adhesion area with a lightof a predetermined wavelength. A camera may be configured to capture animage of the illuminated adhesion area. A processing device,communicatively coupled to the camera, may be configured to process thecaptured image by applying one or more boundary areas to the capturedimage and determining an image characteristic within each of theboundary areas, wherein the image characteristic is used by theprocessing device to determine the presence of a defect in the adhesive.

In other illustrative embodiments, a method is disclosed for detectingdefects in an adhesion area comprising an adhesive mixed with afluorescent material, comprising illuminating, by one or moreillumination devices, the fluorescent material in the adhesion area witha light of a predetermined wavelength, capturing an image of theilluminated adhesion area by a camera, processing, by a processingdevice communicatively coupled to the camera, the captured image byapplying one or more boundary areas to the captured image, determining,by the processing device, an image characteristic within each of theboundary areas, and using the image characteristic to determine thepresence of a defect in the adhesive by the processing device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The present disclosure will become more fully understood from thedetailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawingswhich are given by way of illustration only, and which thus do not limitthe present disclosure, and wherein:

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative adhesive dispenser for dispensing adhesiveon a surface positioned on an adhesive dispenser table under anembodiment;

FIG. 2A shows a plurality of adhesives dispensed onto a surface;

FIG. 2B shows the plurality of adhesives of FIG. 2A excited by a lightcomprising a predetermined optical wave band after the adhesives aremixed with a fluorescent material under an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 3 shows a camera coupled to a processing apparatus for opticallyinspecting a dispensed adhesive between a device and a surface, whereinan area around the dispensed adhesive is illuminated to excite thefluorescent material under an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 4 illustrates a plurality of boundary/mask areas used by aprocessing apparatus for optical inspection using the embodiment of FIG.3 to determine one or more characteristics of dispensed adhesive underan illustrative embodiment; and

FIG. 5 shows an illustrative method for capturing and processing imagesand to determine image characteristics for determining potential defectsunder an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures and descriptions provided herein may have been simplified toillustrate aspects that are relevant for a clear understanding of theherein described devices, systems, and methods, while eliminating, forthe purpose of clarity, other aspects that may be found in typicalsimilar devices, systems, and methods. Those of ordinary skill may thusrecognize that other elements and/or operations may be desirable and/ornecessary to implement the devices, systems, and methods describedherein. But because such elements and operations are known in the art,and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the presentdisclosure, a discussion of such elements and operations may not beprovided herein. However, the present disclosure is deemed to inherentlyinclude all such elements, variations, and modifications to thedescribed aspects that would be known to those of ordinary skill in theart.

Exemplary embodiments are provided throughout so that this disclosure issufficiently thorough and fully conveys the scope of the disclosedembodiments to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specificdetails are set forth, such as examples of specific components, devices,and methods, to provide this thorough understanding of embodiments ofthe present disclosure. Nevertheless, it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that specific disclosed details need not be employed,and that exemplary embodiments may be embodied in different forms. Assuch, the exemplary embodiments should not be construed to limit thescope of the disclosure. In some exemplary embodiments, well-knownprocesses, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies maynot be described in detail.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularexemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As usedherein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” may be intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “including,” and“having,” are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, butdo not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groupsthereof. The steps, processes, and operations described herein are notto be construed as necessarily requiring their respective performance inthe particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specificallyidentified as a preferred order of performance. It is also to beunderstood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

When an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “engaged to”,“connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may bedirectly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element orlayer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast,when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engagedto”, “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element orlayer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Otherwords used to describe the relationship between elements should beinterpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directlybetween,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein,the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more ofthe associated listed items.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein todescribe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections,these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should notbe limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguishone element, component, region, layer or section from another element,component, region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,”and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence ororder unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element,component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed asecond element, component, region, layer or section without departingfrom the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

Turning now to FIG. 1, an illustrative embodiment is shown of anadhesive dispenser 100, which, in this example, is a table adhesivedispenser. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that theparticular configuration of dispenser 100 is shown for the purposes ofillustrative purposes only, and is not intended to be limiting in anyway. Any suitable dispenser, such as a single or plural stationdispenser, and/or single- or plural-axis (e.g., 3-axis, 6-axis)dispenser may readily be used without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

Dispenser 100 of FIG. 1 comprises a display 108, which may comprise acomputer that may be used to program dispenser 100. Dispensing pump 110may be any suitable pump (e.g., time/pressure pump, auger pump, pistonpump, etc.) for viscous fluids and may be coupled to nozzle 104 that maydispense adhesive material onto a device positioned on working surface106 with the assistance of dispensing mechanism 102. Dispensing pump 110may be coupled to an adhesive storage tank (not shown) that storesadhesive compounds for pump 110. Dispenser 100 may be configured toprovide adhesives or other material for a wide variety of applicationsincluding, but not limited to, mechanical parts coating, cell phonebuttons point glue, mobile phone battery packaging, laptop batterypackage, coil point glue, PCB bond fixed sealant, IC sealant, hornexternal punctuate glue, PDA sealant, LCD sealant, IC packaging, ICbonding, casing bonding, optical device processing, mechanical seal, andso forth. The applications may further include tongue-in-grooveadhesion, lap shear, and joints under tensile, peel, or cleavage stress.In cases where cosmetic considerations are important, matched colors maybe used for adhesion. For example, a black adhesive (e.g., epoxy orpolyurethane) may be used on a black anodized aluminum surface, and/or aclear adhesive may be used on a transparent polycarbonate or liquidcrystal polymer.

A device positioned on working surface 106 may be positioned usingcomputer-assisted positioning technologies known in the art to ensurethat adhesives and/or other material is being applied in a proper area.The device surface for receiving viscous material from nozzle 104 may beany suitable material, including polycarbonate (PC) material,glass-filled PC, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), glass-reinforced epoxylaminate (FR-4) sheets, tubes, rods and printed circuit boards (PCB),solder mask surfaces, aluminum, titanium, gold, copper, silicon, steel,stainless steel, etc. The viscous fluid (e.g., adhesive) dispensed fromnozzle 104 may comprise epoxy adhesives, polyurethanes (PUR) and/oracrylics, silicones, hot melts, thermally or radiation-cured, etc.Additionally applicable fluid may comprise silica gel, EMI conductiveadhesive, UV glue, AB glue, fast dry glue, sealant, grease, silver glue,red glue, solder paste, cooling paste, prevent solder paste, transparentlacquer, screw fixation agent, etc.

In an exemplary embodiment, the viscous material, such as adhesive, ismixed with a fluorescing additive, which would cause the material tofluoresce when illuminated with a light of a predetermined wavelength(e.g., UV light, IR light, etc.). In certain embodiments, thefluorescing additive may comprise less than 1% by weight of theadhesive-dye mixture in order to maintain the integrity of the adhesive.However, depending on the type of adhesive used and adhesive properties,greater amounts of fluorescing additive may be used as well. Thespecific fluorescing additive may vary depending on the application, andmay be made from, contain, or be based one or more of a variety of dyesincluding, but not limited to, Acridine dyes, Cyanine dyes, Fluoronedyes, Oxazine dyes, Phenanthridine dyes, and Rhodamine dyes.

FIGS. 2A and 2B provide illustrative examples some effects of addingfluorescent additives to adhesives. In the example of FIG. 2A, an epoxyis shown with four different fluorescent dye additives (202A, 204A,206A, 208A), which have not been exposed to any specializedillumination. FIG. 2B shows the example of FIG. 2A exposed to UV light,where the additives (202B, 204B, 206B, 208B) fluoresces and can be seenvisibly. Of course, such a configuration advantageously assists inmanual visual inspection, and will allow an inspector to visually seeapparent defects in an adhesion process. However, the fluorescentadditive may be advantageously used for Automated Optical Inspection(AOI) systems for use in defect detection.

The illustrative embodiment of FIG. 3 shows a simplified AOI system 300,wherein an object 302 is adhered to a work surface 306 using adhesive304. The object may be any suitable object configured for adhesionincluding, but not limited to, a material, object, and/or circuit. In anexemplary embodiment, adhesive 304 is an adhesive such as thosedescribed above comprising a fluorescing additive. The system 300 mayfurther comprise a camera 312 coupled to a processing apparatus 314,such as a computer or workstation, where the camera 312 may bepositioned to image the object 302, adhesive 304 and work surface 306(collectively referred to herein as an “adhesion area”) while one ormore illuminating lights 308, 310 illuminate the adhesion area with alight comprising one or more predetermined wavelengths (e.g., UV, IR).

While the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 3 shows two illuminatinglights 308, 310, it should be understood that multiple lightingconfigurations are contemplated in the present disclosure. For example,a single light may be used in one embodiment. In another embodiment,three or more lights may be used depending on the fluorescent propertiesof the adhesive 304 and contrast between the object 302 and work surface306. In another illustrative embodiment, one or more lights may beincorporated into the camera 312 and used for illumination.Additionally, a modulator 320 may be utilized in embodiments where oneor more of the illuminating lights 308, 310 are modulated to affect thefrequency or phase of illuminating light, described in greater detailbelow. The modulator 320 may be coupled directly to camera 312, which inturn creates an indirect connection to processing apparatus 314.Alternately, the modulator 320 may bypass the camera 312 and be directlyconnected to processing apparatus 314.

Camera 312 may be embodied as a silicon-based camera, such as acharge-coupled (CCD) camera or active pixel sensors in complementarymetal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or N-type metal-oxide semiconductor(NMOS, Live MOS) technologies. In some illustrative embodiments, camera312 may be configured as a dual-camera arrangement to accommodate stereovision, which may increase accuracy. Camera 312 may further comprise oneor more filters 316 and imaging circuitry 318, which may further includeprocessors and other circuitry for processing images locally on camera312. In some illustrative embodiments, filters 316 may be embodied asfixed and/or removable optical filters that may pass and/or blockpredetermined wavelengths of light when camera 312 takes images of theadhesion area.

In some illustrative embodiments, camera 312 may be coupled toprocessing apparatus 314, such as a computer, which may be configured toprovide control signals to control operation of camera 312, and processimages received from camera 312. Processing apparatus 314 may be astand-alone device, or may further comprise communication circuitry tocommunicate over a network (e.g., WAN, LAN) in a wired or wirelessmanner. Processing apparatus 314 may further be equipped with softwareallowing it to apply filters, masks and/or boundaries to the imagestaken by camera 312, and may further allow processing apparatus 314 todetect characteristics of images received from camera 312 to detectpotential defects in an adhesion area.

Prior to imaging, it is preferable to calibrate the system 300 to ensurethat the most accurate fluorescent signal is being received by camera312. The strength of a fluorescence signal (i.e. the fluorescence signalto noise ratio) is dependent upon a number of different parameters. Forone, the amount of fluorescent dye present in the adhesive willdetermine the strength of the signal. Another way to increase thefluorescence signal to noise ratio is to increase the amount of lightused to excite fluorescence. A third way to increase the fluorescencesignal to noise ratio is to increase the sensitivity of the camera 312.

In an illustrative embodiment, camera 312 may be configured as a camerautilizing time-of-flight (TOF) imaging with or without the assistance ofprocessing device 312. TOF imaging technology works by measuring thephase shift between emitted and detected infrared light at a highmodulation frequency. In an illustrative embodiment, the camera 312 mayutilize lighting, such as LEDs or other suitable lighting, that emitslight modulated at a higher frequency (e.g., 1-20 MHz), where this lightthen reflects off objects (e.g., fluoresced adhesive) in the adhesionarea and is detected by the camera. In an illustrative embodiment, thecamera may use a combination of an infrared band-pass optical filter anda multi-bin (e.g., four-bin) lock-in detection scheme for each of thepixels to ensure that it is able to pick out what part of the totalsignal it receives is modulated at the given frequency (e.g., 1-20 MHz)and in the infrared. The phase shift between the emitted and detectedsignals is then used, in conjunction with the speed of light, tocalculate the distance at which the reflection occurred for all pixelsresulting in a distance image. Those skilled in the art will appreciatethat these techniques may be replicated in other light wavebands aswell.

Utilizing TOF, camera 312 may be configured to acquire fluorescenceimages by configuring the electric signal, to be sent to an LED of theproper power and fluorescence excitation wavelength light (e.g., 308,310). A short pass filter (e.g., <800 nm), or other suitable filter, maybe used in front of the LED (e.g., 308, 310) to ensure that photonsemitted by the LED would not be mistaken for fluorescence. In someillustrative embodiments, the camera 312 may be configured with along-pass filer (e.g., >800 nm), or other suitable filter, to ensurethat the camera only sees the fluorescence signal. This configurationwill allow for the fluorescence signal to be detected while suppressingthe non-fluorescent background. An advantage of this cameraconfiguration for fluorescence imaging is that the high modulation anddetection frequency allows for all lower frequency noise, normallypresent in a fluorescence image, to be reduced or eliminated from theimage. Pushing the desired fluorescent signal to a higher frequency(e.g., 1-20 MHz) consequently minimizes the region for noise, thusincreasing the sensitivity of camera 312 to the fluorescence signal.

Because only a small number of the excitation photons stimulatefluorescence, and fluorescent photons may be emitted in all directions,the optical power of the fluorescence signal can be three or four ordersof magnitude smaller than the excitation signal. Thus being able todistinguish fluorescent photons from other, and often much brighter,sources of light may be important for acquiring a good fluorescenceimage.

Under an illustrative embodiment, the fluorescence signal may bedistinguished from other sources of light by utilizing lock-in detectionwhich may be accomplished by modulating the fluorescence signal at onefrequency and detecting only the signal that occurs at this frequency orfrequency range. The amount of noise that can be eliminated with thistechnique may be dependent on the frequency of modulation. The lesscommon the noise is at the frequency of modulation, the better thesignal to noise ratio.

In some illustrative embodiments, processing apparatus 312 may utilizemask or boundary processing to process regions of interest of anadhesion area imaged by camera 312. Turning to FIG. 4, an illustrativeembodiment is shown of a simulated image 400 captured by camera 312 ofan object 402 affixed to a surface using adhesive 404 which has beenmixed with a fluorescent dye and illuminated as described above.Processing apparatus 314 may partition the image 400 into one or moreboundaries or regions 406-410, where the area in each boundary (e.g.,406-408, 408-410, 410-412) may be processed to determine one or moreimage characteristics, demonstrating the presence (or absence) ofilluminated adhesive, which in turn may indicate a defect in theapplication of adhesive.

Turning to FIG. 5, an illustrative AOI method 500 is shown forprocessing fluoresced images under one embodiment. In block 502, an AOIsystem (e.g., system 300) positions an object for imaging. Thepositioning may be accomplished using manual techniques, automatedtechniques, or a combination of both as is known in the art. Thepositioning in block 502 is done so that camera 312 may accuratelycapture image areas of interest, such as an adhesion area. In block 504,the system (e.g., 300) loads or executes one or more masks and/orboundaries for the image to taken by camera 312 in block 506.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the masks/boundaries of method 500 may beapplied to set boundaries or areas for image processing, and/or torestrict (mask) other areas for an iterative image processing procedure.In one simplified example, processing apparatus 312 may perform imageprocessing by analyzing a first peripheral boundary, defined by the edgeof object 402 to first boundary 406 to determine the coverage ofadhesion (e.g., image pixel coverage) in this area. The processingapparatus 312 may then move to the next boundary region defined by theouter periphery of boundary 408 and inner periphery of boundary 410 todetermine the coverage of adhesion (e.g., image pixel coverage) in thisarea, and then to the next boundary region defined by the outerperiphery of boundary 410 and inner periphery of boundary 412 todetermine the coverage of adhesion in a similar manner.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that multiplevariations of the example provided above are contemplated by the presentdisclosure. For example, a greater or lesser amount of boundaries may beused by processing apparatus 314. In another example, certain boundaryregions may be masked (e.g., 406-408, 408-410) while one or more regionsare being processed (e.g., 410-412). This configuration may beadvantageous in that the processing apparatus 314 may focus on specificareas of the adhesion area that may be susceptible to defects.

Referring still to FIG. 5, once the masks and/or boundaries are loadedin block 504, the camera (e.g., camera 312) takes an image of theobject(s) in the adhesion area in block 506, and the masks and/orboundaries may be applied in block 508, as described above. Depending onthe resolution of the camera and size of the adhesion area, boundariesmay be set in increments of one or more centimeters, millimeters ormicrometers. It should be understood by those skilled in the art thatthe order of loading and applying masks relative to the imaging in block506 may be modified. For example, the loading and application of masksand/or boundaries may occur after the image is taken in an illustrativeembodiment.

In block 510, the processing apparatus 314 processes the image todetermine image characteristics using machine vision algorithms, anddetermines, using the image characteristics, if potential defects arepresent in block 512. In one illustrative embodiment, processingapparatus 314 may simply calculate the coverage of illuminated pixelsrelative to an area in a boundary region, which would correspond toadhesive coverage in the area. Utilizing any of maximum and/or minimumthresholds, the processing apparatus 314 may determine if potentialdefects exist. For example, in a given adhesive application, it may beknown that certain values should be present in a given boundary region.Thus, referring to the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 4, processingapparatus 314 may determine from an image that an inner boundary area(e.g., between 406 and 408) has only 92% pixel coverage for the imageboundary area, which would indicate only a 92% adhesive coverage. Sincethe adhesion application in this example is expected to have fullcoverage (i.e., 100%), since it is so close to the periphery of theobject 402, having a lesser amount may indicate to processing apparatusthat insufficient or defective adhesive is present.

Similarly, an intermediate or outer boundary region (e.g., between 408and 410, or 410 and 412) may be processed to determine if adequateadhesive coverage is present. For example, as the boundary regionbetween 410 and 412 is on the outer edges of the periphery, the adhesivecoverage (or “spread”) in the area may be non-uniform but expected to bea lesser amount (e.g., covering 50%) for the entire boundary area.Setting an appropriate threshold value or range (e.g., 40-60%), thepixel coverage detection may be calculated by processing device 312 suchthat amounts greater and/or less than the threshold(s) indicates anexcessive or insufficient adhesive coverage defect. In another example,the processing device 312 may be configured to detect defects on anabsolute boundary threshold. For example, any detection of adhesiveoutside a boundary threshold automatically signals a defective adhesiveapplication.

Since the fluorescing adhesive advantageously provides a greater opticalcontrast, other, more sophisticated machine vision techniques may beutilized. For example, processing device 312 may utilize edge detectiontechniques to analyze specific adhesive shapes, with or without the useof boundaries and masks. Edge detection may comprise search-based orzero-crossing based techniques. A search-based approach detects edges byfirst computing a measure of edge strength, usually a first-orderderivative expression such as the gradient magnitude, and then searchesfor local directional maxima of the gradient magnitude using a computedestimate of the local orientation of the edge, usually the gradientdirection. The zero-crossing based approach searches for zero crossingsin a second-order derivative expression computed from the image in orderto find edges, usually the zero-crossings of the Laplacian or thezero-crossings of a non-linear differential expression. As apre-processing step to edge detection, a smoothing stage, such asGaussian smoothing, may be applied. Other illustrative machine visiontechniques include, but are not limited to, grayscale matching, gradientmatching, and the like.

It can be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the use offluorescing additives to adhesives provides an advantageousconfiguration for inspecting for defects, particularly in automatedoptical inspection systems utilizing machine learning algorithms.Utilizing TOF cameras also provides additional, accurate, image propertydetection while minimizing costs, as TOF cameras are readily available,inexpensive, and may be easily modified for automated optical inspectionpurposes.

In the foregoing detailed description, it can be seen that variousfeatures are grouped together in individual embodiments for the purposeof brevity in the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to beinterpreted as reflecting an intention that the subsequently claimedembodiments require more features than are expressly recited in eachclaim.

Further, the descriptions of the disclosure are provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosed embodiments.Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent tothose skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein maybe applied to other variations without departing from the spirit orscope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to belimited to the examples and designs described herein, but rather are tobe accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for detecting defects in an adhesionarea comprising an adhesive mixed with a fluorescent material,comprising: at least two modulated illumination devices for illuminatingthe fluorescent material in the adhesion area with a light of apredetermined wavelength; a camera configured to capture an image of theilluminated adhesion area; and a processing device, communicativelycoupled to the camera, the processing device being configured to processthe captured image by applying one or more boundary areas to thecaptured image and determining an image characteristic within each ofthe boundary areas, wherein the image characteristic is used by theprocessing device to determine the presence of a defect in the adhesive.2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is configured todetermine the presence of a defect in the adhesive, the defectcomprising one of an excess of adhesive and an insufficient applicationof adhesive.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the processing device isconfigured to determine the image characteristic comprising pixelcoverage within each of the boundary areas.
 4. The system of claim 3,wherein the processing device is configured to determine the presence ofa defect in the adhesive utilizing one or more thresholds applied to thepixel coverage within each of the boundary areas.
 5. The system of claim2, wherein the processing device is configured to determine the imagecharacteristic using machine vision.
 6. The system of claim 5, whereinthe processing device is configured to determine the imagecharacteristic using machine vision comprising one of edge detection,grayscale matching and gradient matching.
 7. The system of claim 1,wherein the camera comprises time-of-flight imaging.
 8. A system fordetecting defects in an adhesion area comprising an adhesive mixed witha fluorescent material, comprising: one or more illumination devices forilluminating the fluorescent material in the adhesion area with a lightof a predetermined wavelength; a camera configured to capture an imageof the illuminated adhesion area; and a processing device,communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device beingconfigured to process the captured image by applying one or moreboundary areas to the captured image and determining an imagecharacteristic within each of the boundary areas, wherein the imagecharacteristic is used by the processing device to determine thepresence of a defect in the adhesive, wherein the defect comprises oneof an excess of adhesive and an insufficient application of adhesive,and wherein the processing device is configured to apply a mask to atleast one other boundary area when determining an image characteristicwithin one of the boundary areas.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein theone or more illumination devices illuminate the fluorescing materialusing light modulated at one or more frequencies between 1-20 MHz. 10.The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is configured todetermine the image characteristic comprising pixel coverage within eachof the boundary areas.
 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the processingdevice is configured to determine the presence of a defect in theadhesive utilizing one or more thresholds applied to the pixel coveragewithin each of the boundary areas.
 12. The system of claim 8, whereinthe processing device is configured to determine the imagecharacteristic using machine vision.
 13. The system of claim 8, whereinthe processing device is configured to determine the imagecharacteristic using machine vision comprising one of edge detection,grayscale matching and gradient matching.
 14. A method for detectingdefects in an adhesion area comprising an adhesive mixed with afluorescent material, comprising: illuminating, by at least twomodulated illumination devices, the fluorescent material in the adhesionarea with a light of a predetermined wavelength; capturing an image ofthe illuminated adhesion area by a camera; processing, by a processingdevice communicatively coupled to the camera, the captured image byapplying one or more boundary areas to the captured image; determining,by the processing device, an image characteristic within each of theboundary areas; and using the image characteristic to determine thepresence of a defect in the adhesive by the processing device.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the defect comprises one of an excess ofadhesive and an insufficient application of adhesive.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, wherein determining the image characteristic comprisesdetermining pixel coverage within each of the boundary areas.
 17. Themethod of claim 16, wherein determining the presence of a defect in theadhesive comprises utilizing one or more thresholds applied to the pixelcoverage within each of the boundary areas.
 18. The method of claim 15,wherein determining the image characteristic comprises machine visionprocessing.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the machine visionprocessing comprises one of edge detection, grayscale matching andgradient matching.
 20. A method for detecting defects in an adhesionarea comprising an adhesive mixed with a fluorescent material,comprising: illuminating, by one or more illumination devices, thefluorescent material in the adhesion area with a light of apredetermined wavelength; capturing an image of the illuminated adhesionarea by a camera; processing, by a processing device communicativelycoupled to the camera, the captured image by applying one or moreboundary areas to the captured image; determining, by the processingdevice, an image characteristic within each of the boundary areas; usingthe image characteristic to determine the presence of a defectcomprising one of an excess of adhesive and an insufficient applicationof adhesive in the adhesive by the processing device; and applying amask, by the processing device, to at least one other boundary area whendetermining an image characteristic within one of the boundary areas.21. The method of claim 20, wherein capturing the image comprisestime-of-flight imaging.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein illuminatingthe fluorescent material comprises light modulated at one or morefrequencies between 1-20 MHz.
 23. The method of claim 20, whereindetermining the image characteristic comprises determining pixelcoverage within each of the boundary areas.
 24. The method of claim 23,wherein determining the presence of a defect in the adhesive comprisesutilizing one or more thresholds applied to the pixel coverage withineach of the boundary areas.
 25. The method of claim 20, whereindetermining the image characteristic comprises machine visionprocessing.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the machine visionprocessing comprises one of edge detection, grayscale matching andgradient matching.
 27. A system for detecting defects in an adhesionarea comprising an adhesive mixed with a fluorescent material,comprising: one or more illumination devices for illuminating thefluorescent material in the adhesion area with a light of apredetermined wavelength; a modulator configured to modulate the lightto a frequency between 1-20 MHz; a camera configured to capture an imageof the illuminated adhesion area; and a processing device,communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device beingconfigured to process the captured image comprising the modulated lightto determine an image characteristic, wherein the image characteristicis used by the processing device to determine the presence of a defectin the adhesive.
 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the processingdevice is configured to apply at least one boundary area to the capturedimage, and further being configured to determine the presence of adefect from the boundary area, the defect comprising one of an excess ofadhesive and an insufficient application of adhesive.
 29. A system fordetecting defects in an adhesion area comprising an adhesive mixed witha fluorescent material, comprising: one or more illumination devices forilluminating the fluorescent material in the adhesion area with a lightof a predetermined wavelength; a camera configured to capture an imageof the illuminated adhesion area; and a processing device,communicatively coupled to the camera, the processing device beingconfigured to process the captured image by applying at least one maskto form at least two boundary areas, and determining an imagecharacteristic within at least one of the at least two boundary areas,wherein the image characteristic is used by the processing device todetermine the presence of a defect in the adhesive.